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1.
J. epilepsy clin. neurophysiol ; 14(3): 111-113, set. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-502844

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze seizure outcome in individuals with familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE). METHOD: We followed prospectively 64 individuals with FMTLE and 37 asymptomatic individuals belonging to 28 families. RESULTS: Patients with FMTLE had a mean follow up was 93.4 ± 15.8 months. At baseline they were divided in benign (n = 29), remission (n = 28) and refractory (n = 7). At last follow up visit 41.4 percent patients with benign FMTLE remained classified as benign, 20.7 percent became refractory and 37.9 percent were in remission. In the subgroup of FMTLE in remission 21 75 percent remained without seizures; 21.4 percent were classified as benign FMTLE, and one died (3.6 percent) from cause unrelated to epilepsy. All refractory patients remained refractory. From the asymptomatic group, 10.8 percent became symptomatic (FMTLE). The mean follow up was 76.0 ± 21.2 months. CONCLUSION: Prospective follow up of more than 7 years in patients with FMTLE revealed that it is unlikely to achieve seizure control in those with refractory seizures. Patients with diagnose of more benign forms of FMTLE for more than one year are likely to either remit or remain under well controlled seizures. The majority of patients who had achieved seizure remission remained seizure-free and none became refractory. Asymptomatic individuals had a greater probability to have seizures compared to the general population in a 6 year period of follow up.


OBJETIVOS: Analisar a evolução de famílias com epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial familiar (ELTMF). METODOLOGIA: Seguimento prospectivo de 64 pacientes com ELTMF e 37 membros assintomáticos pertencente a 28 famílias. RESULTADOS: A média de seguimento dos pacientes com ELTMF foi de 93,4 ± 15,8 meses. Na avaliação inicial os pacientes foram divididos em benignos (n = 29), remissão (n = 28) e refratários (n = 7). Na última visita disponível, 41,4 por cento dos pacientes com ELTMF benigna permaneceram classificados como benignos, 20,7 por cento tornaram-se refratários e 37,9 por cento entraram em remissão. No grupo em remissão, 75 por cento permaneceram livres de crise, 21,4 por cento foram classificados como benignos e um faleceu (3,6 por cento) de causa não relacionada à epilepsia. Todos pacientes refratários permaneceram refratários. Em relação aos assintomáticos 10,8 por cento evoluíram com crises. A média de seguimento dos assintomáticos foi de 76,0 ± 21,2 meses. CONCLUSÃO: O seguimento prospectivo de mais de 7 anos de pacientes com ELTMF revelou que é improvável ocorrer controle de crises no grupo refratário. No grupo benigno é muito provável que estes indivíduos entrem em remissão ou permaneçam com evolução benigna. A maioria dos pacientes do grupo em remissão permaneceu em remissão e nenhum se tornou refratário. Em relação aos assintomáticos a probabilidade de apresentar uma crise no decorrer de aproximadamente 6 anos foi maior que o observado na população geral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Family , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Seizures
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(1): 20-23, mar. 2007.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-446674

ABSTRACT

Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) play a critical role in the regulation of neuronal excitability and have been implicated in some types of epilepsies. Recently, autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE) was associated with antibodies against VGKC. In addition, patients with LE showed partial epilepsy and increased T2 signal abnormalities in limbic structures. We have reported familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE) associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA) and other signs of mesial temporal sclerosis detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In order to investigate whether VGKC may be associated to HA present in FMTLE, we perform linkage study in these candidate genes. Seventy-three microsatellites markers were genotyped in different human autosomal chromosome. Two-point LOD scores did not show evidence for linkage with any of the microsatellite markers genotyped (Zmax ranging from 0.11to-9.53 at theta=0.00). In the present study, linkage data showed no evidence that VGKC are involved in the determination of HA in FMTLE.


Canais de potássio voltagem-dependentes (CPVD) desempenham importante papel na excitabilidade neuronal e estão associados a determinados tipos de epilepsia. Recentemente, um tipo de encefalite límbica autoimune (EL) foi associado com anticorpos contra CPVD. Além disso, há relatos de pacientes com EL e epilepsia parcial, além de hipersinal em regiões límbicas detectadas em imagens de ressonância magnética (IRM). Nós temos descrito a epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial familial (ELTMF) associada à atrofia hipocampal (AH) e outros sinais de esclerose mesial temporal observadas em IRM. Para investigar se os CPVD podem estar associados com a AH identificada na ELTMF, empregamos o estudo de ligação genética nesses genes candidatos. Setenta e três marcadores microssatélites foram genotipados e o LOD score de dois pontos mostrou Zmax variando de 0.11 a -9.53 para teta=0.00. No presente estudo, os dados obtidos com a análise de ligação mostram que os CPVD não estão envolvidos na determinação da AH na ELTMF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/genetics , Genetic Linkage , Hippocampus , Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/genetics , Atrophy/genetics , Atrophy/physiopathology , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology , Genotype , Hippocampus/pathology , Hippocampus/physiopathology
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(1): 15-20, mar. 2004. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-357828

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: A atrofia hipocampal unilateral é indicadora de bom prognóstico cirúrgico em pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT). Alguns pacientes, no entanto, não se tornam livres de crises após a cirurgia. Nós avaliamos se i) o EEG interictal e ii) a extensão da ressecção do hipocampo e da amígdala estão associados com resultado cirúrgico. MÉTODO: Trinta pacientes com ELT com atrofia hipocampal unilateral ou claramente assimétrica que se submeteram a tratamento cirúrgico foram avaliados quanto a variáveis clínicas pré-operatórias e anormalidades ao EEG interictal. A ressecção da amídala e do hipocampo foi avaliada pela ressonância magnética pós-operatória. Nós comparamos os pacientes livres de crises com os pacientes não livres de crises, e os pacientes com bom resultado cirúrgico (classes I e II de Engel) com os pacientes com resultado cirúrgico ruim. RESULTADOS: Houve associação significativa entre a extensão da ressecção do hipocampo e o resultado cirúrgico. As variáveis pré-operatórias e o EEG interictal não mostraram associação significativa com o resultado cirúrgico como demonstrado em outros estudos. CONCLUSAO: Houve associação entre a extensão de ressecção do hipocampo e o resultado cirúrgico. Ressecção incompleta do hipocampo atrófico pode explicar a maior parte das falhas no tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com ELT devido à esclerose hipocampal unilateral.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Amygdala , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Hippocampus , Atrophy , Electroencephalography , Follow-Up Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 61(4): 1045-1070, Dec. 2003. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-352452

ABSTRACT

Epilepsia é uma condição muito freqüente em todo o mundo. Na última década, várias opções terapêuticas surgiram ou foram aprimoradas. O principal método utilizado para decisão terapêutica baseia-se nos estudos randomizados, que representam o maior nível de evidência. Entretanto, mesmo estes estudos são passíveis de críticas e em alguns casos o tratamento de escolha permanece controverso. Nestas situações, a opinião dos especialistas, na área da epileptologia, com maior experiência clínica, passa a ter grande valor. O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo elaborar um consenso de tratamento das epilepsias, através da opinião de experts brasileiros no assunto. Este consenso poderá auxiliar na criação de manuais e estratégias para o tratamento de determinadas síndromes epilépticas, de acordo com os padrões socioeconômicos brasileiros


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Consensus , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Anticonvulsants/economics , Brazil , Confidence Intervals , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Drug Therapy, Combination , Expert Testimony , Epilepsies, Partial/drug therapy , Epilepsy, Generalized/drug therapy , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 61(2B): 327-329, Jun. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-342771

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of temporal lobe hypogenesis (TLH) associated with arachnoid cysts (AC) in patients with epilepsy. METHOD: We retrospectively revised 655 consecutive MRI scans from patients followed in our epilepsy clinic. We identified patients with temporal AC and then performed careful visual analysis in a workstation. Patients with evident expansive or destructive lesions were excluded. RESULTS: Only 4 (0.6 percent) patients had AC in the left temporal lobe, all associated with TLH. In addition, there were also ipsilateral dysgenetic characteristics in the ipsilateral hippocampus including abnormal shape and axis, and hyperintense T2 signal. In one patient this hippocampal abnormality was bilateral. CONCLUSION: AC with TLH was rarely found in our patients with epilepsy and it was always associated with hippocampal dysgenesis. Although volumetric reduction of the temporal lobe can be observed in patients with epilepsy and hippocampal abnormalities, the presence of adjacent AC points to a malformative etiology


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arachnoid Cysts , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Temporal Lobe , Arachnoid Cysts , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 80(3): 301-310, Mar. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-331108

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze parameters of respiratory system mechanics and oxygenation and cardiovascular alterations involved in weaning tracheostomized patients from long-term mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. METHODS: We studied 45 patients in their postoperative period of cardiac surgery, who required long-term mechanical ventilation for more than 10 days and had to undergo tracheostomy due to unsuccessful weaning from mechanical ventilation. The parameters of respiratory system mechanics, oxigenation and the following factors were analyzed: type of surgical procedure, presence of cardiac dysfunction, time of extracorporeal circulation, and presence of neurologic lesions. RESULTS: Of the 45 patients studied, successful weaning from mechanical ventilation was achieved in 22 patients, while the procedure was unsuccessful in 23 patients. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in regard to static pulmonary compliance (p=0.23), airway resistance (p=0.21), and the dead space/tidal volume ratio (p=0.54). No difference was also observed in regard to the variables PaO2/FiO2 ratio (p=0.86), rapid and superficial respiration index (p=0.48), and carbon dioxide arterial pressure (p=0.86). Cardiac dysfunction and time of extracorporeal circulation showed a significant difference. CONCLUSION: Data on respiratory system mechanics and oxygenation were not parameters for assessing the success or failure. Cardiac dysfunction and time of cardiopulmonary bypass, however, significantly interfered with the success in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Mechanics , Ventilator Weaning , Brazil , Extracorporeal Circulation , Postoperative Complications , Respiratory Dead Space , Time Factors , Tracheostomy , Treatment Outcome , Ventilator Weaning
9.
J. epilepsy clin. neurophysiol ; 8(4): 217-220, Dez. 2002. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-431941

ABSTRACT

Avalia a relevância das calcificações cerebrais por neurocisticercose em tomografia computadorizada (TC) como a etiologia das crises em pacientes com epilepsia parcial. Avaliamos 45 pacientes consecutivos acompanhados em nosso serviço de epilepsia que apresentavam calcificações cerebrais em TC compatíveis com neurocisticercose. Todos os pacientes foram investigados com eletroencefalogramas (EEG) interictais e ressonância magnética (RM) cerebral. Imagens por RM foram adquiridas nos 3 planos ortogonais, incluindo cortes coronais finos em T1-IR, T2 e sequência volumétrica (3D). Realizamos análise detalhada das imagens de RM em todos os planos ortogonais e por reconstrução multiplanar (RMP). Comparamos a localização das calcificações pela TC com a localização das anormalidades epileptiformes nos EEGs interictais e com a localização das lesões na RM. Lesões estruturais, além das microcalcificações, na RM foram consideradas como epileptogênicas e portanto, como provável etiologia das crises epilépticas das crises epilépticas, quando a semiologia ictal e anormalidades no EEG coincidiram com a localização da lesão. Não houve associação significativa entre localização das calcificações diagnosticadas pela TC com a semiologia ictal, EEG interictal e RM. Por outro lado, houve uma associação significativa entre a localização de atividade epileptiforme focal no EEG e localização de outras lesões diagnosticadas pela RM e invisíveis pela TC, particularmente sinais de esclerose hipocampal pela RM. Apesar da neurocisticercose ser um fator etiológico comum de crises sintomáticas remotas em nosso meio, o achado de microcalficicações na TC não necessariamente implica que estas sejam a causa da epilepsia


Subject(s)
Epilepsy/etiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neurocysticercosis , Tomography
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 59(2A): 255-258, June 2001. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-288631

ABSTRACT

The objective of this case report is to describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) in a patient with new onset temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and acute neurocysticercosis with multiple cysts. A 56 years old man with new onset headache, Simple Partial Seizures and Complex Partial Seizures underwent CT scan and lumbar puncture as diagnose proceeding. Multiple cysts and meningitis were identified, with a positive immunology for cysticercosis. Seizures were recorded over the left temporal region in a routine EEG. Treatment with albendazole was performed for 21 days, with clinical improvement and seizure remission after 4 months. An MRI scan 11 months after treatment, showed complete resolution of those cystic lesions and a left hippocampal atrophy (HA) with hyperintense T2 signal. The presence of HA and hyperintense T2 signal in this patient has not, to date, been associated with a poor seizure control. CONCLUSIONS: This patient presented with MRI evidence of left MTS after new onset partial seizures of left temporal lobe origin. Although we did not have a previous MRI scan, it is likely that this hippocampal abnormality was due to the acute inflammatory response to cysticercosis associated to repeated partial seizures. This suggests that acute neurocysticercosis associated with repeated seizures may cause MTS and late onset TLE


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/parasitology , Neurocysticercosis/complications , Acute Disease , Albendazole/therapeutic use , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/drug therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neurocysticercosis/drug therapy , Sclerosis/drug therapy , Sclerosis/parasitology
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 58(4): 1014-20, Dec. 2000.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-273840

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features and seizure control of epilepsy related to neurocysticercosis. METHOD: 18 patients with partial epilepsy and neurocysticercosis were treated with albendazol or praziquantel and followed from 3 months to 12 years. We analyzed results from the CSF exam, interictal electroencephalogram (EEG), head computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 36.4 years. The mean duration of epilepsy was 16 years. 83 percent patients had simple partial seizures ; 17 percent had complex partial seizures . All patients underwent routine EEGs: 62 percent had abnormalities and 38 percent were normal. A relationship was observed between focal EEG abnormality and the location of cyst in 28 percent of the patients. The CSF exams showed pleocytosis in 33 percent of the patients, and 28 percent had elevated protein levels. Only 22 percent of patients had positive titer for cysticercosis in the CSF. In all patients who had somatosensory and special sensory seizures there was a relationship between location of the cysts and seizure semiology (n=11). After cysticidal therapy, 83 percent patients had a significant improvement in controlling seizures. CONCLUSION: In this group, we found a predominance of simple partial seizures and a relationship between somatosensory and special sensory seizures and the location of the cysts. Cysticidal therapy was effective in controlling seizures in these patients and should be considered for patients with partial seizures and semiology related to cyst location


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Albendazole/therapeutic use , Anticestodal Agents/therapeutic use , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Neurocysticercosis/drug therapy , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Epilepsy/parasitology , Follow-Up Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neurocysticercosis/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
12.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 58(1): 45-51, mar. 2000. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-255063

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with chronic and recurrent aseptic meningitis.METHOD: A retrospective study of five patients with aseptic meningoencefalitis diagnosed by clinical and CSF findings. CT scans showed without no relevant findings. RESULTS: MRI showed small multifocal lesions hyperintense on T2 weighted images and FLAIR, with mild or no gadolinium enhancement, mainly in periventricular and subcortical regions. Meningoencephalitis preceded the diagnosis of the underlying disease in four patients (Behçet's disease or systemic lupus erythematosus). After the introduction of adequate treatment for the rheumatic disease, they did not present further symptoms of aseptic meningoencephalitis. CONCLUSION: Aseptic meningoencephalitis can be an early presentation of an autoimmune disease. It is important to emphasize the role of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Connective Tissue Diseases/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis , Behcet Syndrome/complications , Behcet Syndrome/diagnosis , Behcet Syndrome/drug therapy , Chronic Disease , Connective Tissue Diseases/complications , Connective Tissue Diseases/drug therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Meningitis, Aseptic/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis, Aseptic/drug therapy , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Meningoencephalitis/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningoencephalitis/drug therapy , Meningoencephalitis/etiology , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies
13.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 57(3B): 853-9, set. 1999. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-247396

ABSTRACT

A encefalomielite aguda disseminada (ADEM) é doença monofásica inflamatória difusa do sistema nervoso central, que geralmente ocorre após infecção ou vacinação. Neste estudo, apresentamos a análise da ressonância magnética (RM), líquor e aspectos clínicos de quatro pacientes com diagnóstico presuntivo inicial de ADEM. O achado de lesões desmielinizantes na RM foi importante, mas não por si só suficiente para o diagnóstico definitivo. O seguimento clínico e realização de RM de controle, para excluir o aparecimento de novas lesões e reavaliar as anteriores, assim como análises liquóricas, foram impotantes para o diagnóstico diferencial com outras doenças desmielinizantes, particularmente a esclerose múltipla. Além disso, mostramos que a introdução precoce de metilprednisolona foi eficaz tanto para a melhora do quadro clínico quanto para redução ou desaparecimento das lesões na RM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Demyelinating Diseases/diagnosis , Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Demyelinating Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Demyelinating Diseases/drug therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/cerebrospinal fluid , Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies
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